Whether you’re taking apart your computer to scrap it, install new components, clean it, or just to see how it works, our guide shows you how to take it all apart, then put it back together.

Our guide covers the most common ways computers are put together, but computers and manufacturers can vary. If you can’t access a particular component when it’s listed in the guide, skip to the instructions to remove the other parts until you can reach the original component.

Generally, the process is to unplug all the cords and cables connecting a component to other components, then remove the part from the case or frame. Components can be attached to the case with special clips, screws, or by insertion into a holder. In each case, no more than a small amount of force is needed to remove the part. If it’s not moving, check for more attachments that are holding the component in place.

You will need a small Phillips-head screwdriver and depending on the manufacturer of your components, possibly a flathead screwdriver. The metal inside the computer case can be sharp, so you might want gloves, as well.

If you are rebuilding the computer, be sure to document what area you removed components from, the order you removed them, and what cables attach to each part. You can take pictures before each removal or write it down. Keep careful track of the screws, as well. Keep the screws with their relevant component by screwing them back in the holes either on the component or on the frame or by taping them to the correct location.

Before diving into assembling or disassembling your desktop computer, it’s crucial to gather the necessary tools and set up your workstation properly. Here’s what you’ll need and how to prepare:

• Phillips-head screwdriver: Essential for most screws in a computer case.
• Flat-head screwdriver: Useful for prying open cases or removing certain types of screws.
• Anti-static wrist strap: Prevents static electricity from damaging sensitive components.
• Thermal paste: Needed if you’re installing or reinstalling a CPU cooler.
• Cable ties or Velcro straps: Helps manage and organize cables.
• Small container or magnetic tray: Keeps screws and small parts organized.
• Flashlight: Handy for seeing inside dark corners of the case.

• Work on a clean, flat surface: Ensure you have ample space to lay out all components and tools.
• Use an anti-static mat: If available, this can further protect against static electricity.
• Good lighting: Make sure your workspace is well-lit to avoid mistakes.
• Comfortable seating: You’ll be spending some time here, so make sure you’re comfortable.
• Keep a notebook or camera handy: Documenting the process can help you remember where everything goes, especially during disassembly.

The cooling down period is an essential step before disassembling your computer. After shutting down your system, it’s advisable to wait at least 15-30 minutes to allow components like the CPU, GPU, and power supply to cool down. These parts can reach high temperatures during operation, and handling them while they’re still hot can cause burns or damage the components. Additionally, this waiting period helps ensure that any residual electricity has dissipated, reducing the risk of electric shock. By allowing your computer to cool down, you create a safer environment for disassembly and protect both yourself and your hardware from potential harm.

Turn off the computer, unplug the power cord and unplug any peripheral items attached to the computer, such as the keyboard, mouse, monitor, headphones, and any external drives.

Wear a grounding strap or touch an unpainted metal part of the computer to discharge any static electricity. If you walk across a carpet at any point, touch an unpainted metal part of the computer again to discharge the built up static electricity.

Remove at least one of the side covers, usually the right side as you face the front of the computer. You might find it easier to access all the parts if you remove both side covers; there are sometimes thumb screws on the covers to make access easier.

In this step, you’ll need to carefully disconnect all the connectors inside your desktop computer. Start by identifying and unplugging the power cables that connect the power supply to the motherboard, CPU, GPU, and other components. Next, disconnect the data cables, such as SATA cables, that link your hard drives, SSDs, and optical drives to the motherboard. Be sure to also unplug any additional connectors for USB ports, audio jacks, and front panel buttons. It’s important to handle each connector gently to avoid damaging the pins or sockets. Once all the connectors are safely disconnected, you can proceed to remove any card readers and internal DVD players. These devices are typically secured with screws, so use a screwdriver to carefully unscrew them and slide them out of their slots. By thoroughly disconnecting all connectors, you’ll ensure that each component is free from the case and motherboard, making the disassembly process smoother and safer.

In this step, you’ll be removing the standalone fans from your desktop computer. These fans are crucial for maintaining proper airflow and cooling your system, so it’s important to handle them with care.

First, locate all the standalone fans inside your case. These are usually attached to the front, back, or top of the case. Use a Phillips-head screwdriver to remove the screws that secure the fans to the case. Keep these screws in a safe place for reassembly. Carefully lift the fans out of their positions, ensuring you don’t snag any wires or components.

Next, it’s time to clean the fans. Use a can of compressed air to blow dust off the fan blades and housing. Hold the fan blades in place to prevent them from spinning while you clean. For a more thorough cleaning, use a soft cloth or cotton swabs dampened with isopropyl alcohol to wipe down the blades and the fan frame. Be careful to avoid getting any liquid into the motor. While cleaning, inspect the fan blades and housing for any signs of damage or wear. Replace any fans that are damaged or not functioning properly.

Cleaning your fans has several benefits. Clean fans operate more efficiently, improving airflow and helping to keep your computer components cool. Dust and debris can cause fans to work harder and make more noise, so cleaning them can result in quieter operation. Regular maintenance of your fans can also extend their lifespan and the overall longevity of your computer.

Disconnect the cables and remove the storage drive. Generally, storage drives are held in place by multiple screws. If you have a hard drive, be gentle when moving the drive as hard bumps can damage the internal parts.   

Remove the memory (RAM) modules by pushing the clips on both ends of the module down. This will cause the module to pop up for easy removal. Do not touch the gold connectors on the chips if you’re reusing the modules. If you're not reusing the RAM, find out how it can be used in other applications.

Remove the power supply unit by unplugging the remaining connectors, then unscrewing the unit from the frame.

Remove any adapter or expansion cards from the motherboard. Although these cards usually slide into preconfigured slots, there can be screws. Do not touch the gold connectors on the cards if you’re reinstalling the cards.

Disconnect all the cables from the motherboard, then unscrew it from the frame by loosening each screw a little bit before going around again to loosen each screw properly. This prevents any potential warping of the motherboard by gradually releasing the tension on it.

All the components should now be out of the computer case. If you’re reusing the case, this is a good time to get rid of all the dust and lint that might have collected.

If you are rebuilding your computer, start by inserting the components in the reverse order of how you removed them, beginning with the motherboard. Carefully place the motherboard back into the case and secure it with screws. Next, install the CPU and apply a small amount of thermal paste before attaching the CPU cooler. Ensure the cooler is firmly in place.

After the motherboard and CPU are set, insert the RAM modules into their respective slots, making sure they click into place. Then, install the GPU by aligning it with the PCIe slot and securing it with screws. Follow this by installing any additional expansion cards, such as network or sound cards, in their appropriate slots.

Next, reattach the storage drives (HDDs or SSDs) and any optical drives. Secure them with screws and connect the SATA data and power cables. If you have any standalone fans, reattach them to their original positions and connect the power cables.

As you insert each component, plug in all the necessary cables. Most components will connect to the motherboard and the power supply unit (PSU). Ensure all power connectors, including the 24-pin ATX and 8-pin CPU power connectors, are securely attached. Reconnect any front panel connectors for USB ports, audio jacks, and power/reset buttons.

Double-check all connections to ensure everything is properly seated and secured. Once all components are in place and connected, close the case and secure it with screws. Finally, plug in your monitor, keyboard, mouse, and any other peripherals.

Congratulations, you’ve successfully disassembled and reassembled your computer! Power it on to ensure everything is working correctly. If you encounter any issues, revisit the steps to check for any loose connections or improperly seated components. Enjoy your newly rebuilt system!